main index

P00: frame around

P01: olicognography

P03: infrastructures

wayout:contact

Registers of application docs

bio.geo.speciation

ecol.welfare

formaldecisions

hydrotimes

Similar user docs

mangrove

popularassess.

utility

incom.energ.

Ecologic Economics

Ecology Economy Assessment

Elements, Processes and Potential Indicators of Biological Integrity

Hierarchy

Elements

Processes

Indicators

Taxonomic

Species

Range expansion or concentration

Extinction

Evolution

Range size

Number of populations

Isolating mechanisms

Genetic

Gene

Mutation

Recombination

Selection

Number of alleles

Degree of linkage

Inbreeding or outbreeding depression

Ecological

Population

Abundance fluctuation

Colonization or extinction

Evolution

Age or size structure

Dispersal behavior

Gene flow

Species chains

Assemblage

Competitive exclusion

Predation or parasitism

Energy flow

Nutrient cycling

Number of species

Species evenness

Number of trophic links

Element redundancy

Ecosystems

Landscape

Disturbance

Succession

Soil formation

Fragmentation

Number of communities

Persistence

Ecologic Integrity Assessment

Class

Factors

physiochemical conditions

temperature, pH, insolation, nutrients

salinity, precipitation, oxygen, contaminants,

trophic base

energy source, productivity, food particule size

energy content of food, spatial distribution of food, energy transfer efficiency

habitat structure

spatial complexity, cover and refugia, topography, soil composition, vegetation height

vegetation form, basin and channel form, substrate composition, water depth, current velocity

temporal variation

diurnal, seasonal, annual

predictability, weather, flow regime

biotic interactions

competition, parasitism, predation

disease, mutualism, coevolution

Categories of methods selected for assessment of environmental introduction



Human exposure and effects analysis

Ecosystem structural and functional analysis

Environmental fate and transport analysis

Ecological consequence assessment

Evaluation of microorganism properties

Controlled testing and monitoring

risk identification


yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

risk characterization

formation





yes

yes

release


yes

yes


yes

yes

exposure assessment

proliferation

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes


establishment

yes

yes


yes

yes

yes

Methods of Valuing Environmental Benefits

Direct Methods

Indirect Methods


Hedonic approach

conventional market approach

cost based methods

contingent valuation method

household production function approach

surrogate market approach

Productivity approach

replacement cost approach

trade off games m.

travel costs approach

proverty value approach

human capital or forgone earnings approach

relocation cost approach

costless choice

preventive expenditure approach

wage differential approach

dose response approach

opportunity cost approach

Places of use docs

erosion

ecol.sustain.

greenhouse

arid.develop.